[OpenBSD] English

OpenBSD を sparc マシンにインストール


目次

ディスク設定リンク


始める前に準備

この文書は一部、OpenBSD/sparc ディストリビューションのINSTALL.sparc文書に基づいている。インストールに関して他に質問や問題があれば、まず INSTALL.sparc を参照してほしい。このドキュメントにはない、詳しい情報が書いてある。

OpenBSD のインストールをしようとする前に、やっておくべきチェックがいくつかある。

OpenBSD ブートディスクをこしらえる

OpenBSD は、sparc ではフロッピーからでも SCSI ハードディスクからでも、CD-ROM やネットワークブート起動もできる。

Booting OpenBSD on the sparc

First, you need to be aware that Sun's default set is to make the first SCSI drive exist as SCSI device #3 (or target 3.) Normally, OpenBSD does not pay attention to this, and so if you boot OpenBSD off of SCSI target 3, any disk at target 0, 1, or 2 will become sd0 to the kernel before the actual disk at target 3 (which we assume is your main disk and therefore would be sd0.) To get around this, boot the bsd.scsi3 kernel.

This kernel has scsi target 3 hard-wired as sd0, to match the SunOS/Solaris behavior. You probably want to copy this file to /bsd as to automate further boots.

If you are booting from floppy26.fs, the kernel and all of the programs that OpenBSD uses to install itself are loaded into memory. If problems arise, and your bootdisk doesn't boot, the problem is probobly due to a bad floppy disk. This is an extremly common problem! If your bootdisk fails to boot, try it a second time, and if it fails again, throw away the floppy and get a new one. When your floppy fails to boot, even if the floppy worked fine for you before, keep in mind that OpenBSD uses nearly every single bit available from the floppy! Any error in the disk will prevent OpenBSD from loading.

If you are booting from a harddisk or other source, the considerations for bad floppies obviously don't apply.

When your boot is successful, you will see a lot of test from the kernel telling you what devices have been found, and where. Then, you will see the following:

Of course, you want to answer I, for Install Then, you will see some description of the install, and it will ask your terminal type...Just press enter here, sun is the correct terminal type. Next, you get to select what disk you are going to setup for OpenBSD. If you have any data on this disk you want to backup, be sure to do so before you start this process. sd0 would be the correct answer if you are trying to format your first SCSI disk. If you are installing OpenBSD on your second or third disk, select appropriately. If the answer in brackets (in this example, sd0) is what you want, you can just hit enter.

Setting up your OpenBSD filesystems with disklabel

Check out section 14.1 of the FAQ for details on how to use disklabel. Look at section 4.3 of the FAQ for details on what sizes to use for your filesystems.

For a multiuser machine, it is best to make at least five separate filesystems, one for your / filesystem, one for swap, one for /var, one for /tmp, and one for /usr. If your users are going to store files of any significant size, you want a separate /home filesystem too.

There are four main reasons for using separate filesystems, instead of shoving everything into one or two filesystems:

Configuring your mountpoints and formating your filesystems

Setting up your mountpoints is much more simple than it looks. After you setup your filesystems with disklabel, will see text like the following:

This shows that sd0a has been set as the root filesystem and sd0b as the swap. This SHOULD be the same for all, except of course, sd0 which will be changed with whatever disk device you are using. In the example above our mountpoints have already been determined via disklabel(8), but you should still review to make sure all of this information is correct, this is your last chance of changing it! For users with multiple disk's, this will also be your chance to configure your other disks. So don't fret and try to stick all mountpoints on one disk. You will be given a list like below:

As you can see, It was decided not to use sd1 at the present time. If it was chosen to setup the other disk, it would have been done exactly as the first disk you setup. You do get 1 last chance to correct things via ed(1), but its much easier to verify the information earlier. Once the filesystems have been set, it's time to format the disks. You will be prompted with a warning telling you that all information will be erased. That is why, if you are multi-booting this system, it's very important to have taken proper backups. Here is an example:

Notice this answer defaults to no, so you will have to directly tell it to format your labels. If you chose no you will simply be dropped into a shell and can start the install again by typing install, or just rebooting again with your bootdisk. At this point it will format all filesystems for you, this could take some time depending on the size of your disk.

Configuring your Network

Now it's time to setup your network configuration. This is extremely important if you are planning on doing any network based install, considering it will be based upon the information you are about to enter. Here is a walkthrough of the network configuration section of the install process.

In this example we have two network interfaces, but will only configure one of them. You do have the ability to configure both interfaces during the install, but for simplicity we will only go over one. To start off, if you're not using DHCP, you will need to know information about your network setup. Information like your IP, Netmask, and gateway. If you're using DHCP you will just put DHCP in as your IP and all this information will be retrieved for you. Notice that you also have a chance to specify media directives if your NIC supports any. Next you will get a chance to specify your default route's and nameserver. This will be needed if you're doing a network based install.

At this point you can escape to a shell which will allow you to make any corrections to your network setup, or any specific changes that the install script might not allow you to do. Most will not need to do this.

Choosing Installation Media

After your network is setup, the install script will give you a chance to make any changes to your network setup. (Mainly if errors were produced.) Then the filesystems you created will be mounted and a root password set. This will get your local disks ready for the OpenBSD packages to be installed upon them. After your local disks are ready you will get a chance to choose your installation media. The options are listed below.

Installing via CD-ROM

To install via CD-ROM, you will select option 'C' when choosing your installation media. This will bring up a list of devices on your computer identified as a CD-ROM. Most people will only have one; if you don't, you need to make sure you pick the device in which you will be installing the OpenBSD from. After choosing the correct device, you will be prompted for which filesystem the installation files will reside on. If you are using the OpenBSD CD-ROM you will choose 'c' here, for 'c' represents the whole disk. Here is an example:

Now you will be prompted for which filesystem to use when reading the CD-ROM, and to what directory the installation files are. If you are using the official OpenBSD CD-ROM, you will use 'cd9660' as your filesystem. (Which is the default.) You will then be using '/2.6/sparc/' as the directory in which the files reside. (Again, this is the default option.) After this you will get a list of packages to install. You can get a description of these files in faq4.2. Here is what you will be seeing:

After this move on to the Choosing installation packages and finishing the install. to finish off your install.

Installing via Local Filesystem

Installing via FTP or DHCP

Installing via NFS

Choosing installation packages and finishing the install.

Now it's time to choose which packages you will be installing. You can get a description of these files in faq4.2. The files that the installdisk finds will be shown to you on the screen. Your job is just to specify which files you want. By default only 4 packages are selected. These are 'base26.tar.gz', 'etc26.tar.gz', 'man26.tar.gz' and 'bsd'. This is because these first 3 files MUST be present for you to have any sort of a functional system, the 'bsd' file is the kernel of the system. The rest are left up to your discretion. The example below is that of a full install, minus the games package.

Once you have successfully picked which packages you want, you will be prompted to make sure you want to extract these packages and they will then be installed. A progress bar will be shown that will keep you informed on how much time it will take. The times range greatly depending on what system it is you are installing OpenBSD on. After this your configuration files ( networking and filesystem ) will be moved onto your disks also from the installdisk.

You're not quite done with choosing packages. One library, which is not on the CD must be downloaded. As it is explained during the install, if you don't have network connectivity just yet, this can be added at any time later. This install assumes that a network is available and ready during the install. First you will see an explanation and then be given choices on which package you want to select. After you have selected your package you need to setup your network.

Here is where you will setup your network, if you need help with this part you can refer to Configuring your Network. After your network interfaces are configured correctly, you will be given a list of ftp servers and their locations. You must choose one of them.

Once this is done, all that's left is to set your timezone and install the bootblocks. Setting your timezone is extremely easy. Just pick the area you live in and enter the name. Thats it!

After your reboot

This section will hopefully point you in the right direction for clues on what to do initially after you have installed your OpenBSD system. This is basically modeled after the afterboot(8) man page. Which should definately be one of your first steps after installing OpenBSD. Here is a table which will point you to relevant FAQ sections.

Just to remind people, it's important for the OpenBSD developers to keep track of what hardware works, and what hardware doesn't work perfectly..

A quote from /usr/src/etc/root/root.mail

If you wish to ensure that OpenBSD runs better on your machines, please do us
a favor (after you have your mail system setup!) and type
        dmesg | mail dmesg@openbsd.org
so that we can see what kinds of configurations people are running.  We will
use this information to improve device driver support in future releases.
(We would be much happier if this information was for the supplied GENERIC
kernel; not for a custom compiled kernel).  The device driver information
we get from this helps us fix existing drivers.
Also check with section 14.7

Make sure you send email from an account that is able to also receive email so developers can contact you back if they have something they want you to test or change in order to get your setup working. It's not important at all to send the email from the same machine that is running OpenBSD, so if that machine is unable to receive email, just

 dmesg | mail your-account@yourmail.dom
and then forward that message to
 dmesg@openbsd.org
where your-account@yourmail.dom is your regular email account. (or transfer the dmesg output using ftp/scp/floppydisk/carrier-pigeon/...)

NOTE - Please send only GENERIC kernel dmesg's. Custom kernels that have device drivers removed are not helpful.

Other Information Resources and Popular Questions

Question: - Does OpenBSD provide an ISO image available for download?

Answer: - You can't. The official OpenBSD CD-ROM layout is copyright Theo de Raadt, as an incentive for people to buy the CD set. Note that only the layout is copyrighted, OpenBSD itself is free. Nothing precludes someone else to just grab OpenBSD and make their own CD.


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[back] www@openbsd.org 翻訳上の問題はhiyori13@alum.mit.edu
$OpenBSD: install-sparc.html,v 1.13 2000/06/03 04:59:56 chris Exp $