ロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミクス

原ページ
 
Google
WWW 検索 cruel.org 検索

(: ここは HET ウェブサイト の一部なのだ。ここはロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミクスや関連組織とは無関係だし、何のお墨付きももらっていない。公式の話は 公式 L.S.E. ウェブサイトを見てね。)

 ロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミクス・アンド・ポリティカル・サイエンス (どこへ行っても通称の "L.S.E." で通る) を創設したのはシドニー・J・ウェッブ とビアトリス・ポッター・ウェッブ。1895 年のことだった。1900 年になると、ロンドン大学の中のカレッジの一つとなった。ドン・キホーテ的な哲学者バートランド・ラッセルは、自分の多額の相続財産をなげうって L.S.E に出資している。

 創設したのは フェビアン社会主義者 たちではあるけれど、その初期の教授職はもっと保守的だった。初の学長は W.A.S. ヒューインス (後にトーリー党の議員) で、経済学部長にはモノをはっきり言う頑固な 新古典派経済学者エドウィン・キャナン、統計はテクノクラートのアーサー・L・ボウリー、社会学の担当はリベラル理論家 L.T. ホブハウスだ。でも、同校のフェビアン起源は、もっとラディカルな学者がたくさん指名されていた点にあらわれている。たとえばグレアム・ワラス、R.H. トーニーベヴァリッジ卿, ハロルド・ラスキ、ヒュー・ダルトンなど。

The L.S.E. from the very beginning aimed at being an academic teaching-and-research powerhouse. It was one of the group of "new universities" (like M.I.T., Johns Hopkins, Chicago, etc.) founded at the turn of century which eschewed the Oxbridge-Ivy League "gentlemanly education" approach in favor of a more serious academic and technical approach, akin to the Central European model. Like other "new universities", the L.S.E. was keen on raising its profile via academic research. They shocked the old Oxbridge system by creating departments that were hitherto unheard of, like anthropology (under Malinowski) and sociology (under Hobhouse), and by splitting economics into separate "pure economics" and "economic history" components. In arriviste fashion, the L.S.E encouraged the formation of professional associations and journals -- in economics alone, the L.S.E. brought forth Economica in 1921 the Economic History Review in 1927 and the Review of Economic Studies in 1933.

Edwin Cannan served from 1895 to 1926, after which Allyn A.Young took over. Young, however, died rather suddenly in 1929 and was succeeded by the thirty-year old Lionel Robbins, a young economist much influenced by the work of Philip H.Wicksteed and the Austrian School of economics. The remarkable Robbins saw the L.S.E. as an instrument by which to break the orthodox Marshallian hold over English economics. Under Robbins, continental economic theory (Walrasian, Austrian and Swedish) began to finally infiltrate the Anglo-Saxon world. Robbins himself announced the arrival of this "new" economics in his famous Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (1932) expounding the methodology of radical Neocassical theory.

The Robbins years were glory years for the L.S.E. It produced a remarkable group of economists, notably John Hicks, Paul Sweezy, Roy G.D. Allen, Abba Lerner, Nicholas Kaldor, George Shackle, Ursula (Webb) Hicks and Tibor Scitovsky in the 1930s, all of whom went on to stretch and change economic theory in a significant manner. One of their notable efforts was the resurrection of Paretian general equilibrium theory and the forging of the "New Welfare Economics" in this period. Much of this new activity was channeled into the Review of Economic Studies, a publication founded and run by L.S.E. graduate students.

One of Robbins' more daring moves was to bring the Austrian economist Friedrich A. Hayek to the L.S.E. in 1932 as the L.S.E's answer to Cambridge's young star, John Maynard Keynes. Hayek and Keynes locked horns over the theory of macrofluctuations in the early 1930s, and their rivalry placed the L.S.E. clearly on the map. However, the Keynesian Revolution did much to entice many of the younger members of L.S.E. away from the Robbins-Hayek sphere of influence. The fault for this "disloyalty" lay in good part with the intransigence of their elders: the deserting students, notably Kaldor, Lerner and Shackle, had made numerous attempts to forge the L.S.E. approach with the Keynesian, but Robbins and Hayek refused to entertain such a merger. Be that as it may, the L.S.E. heritage of these younger economists remained quite visible, even in their subsequent "Keynesian" work.

In later years, the L.S.E. continued to travel in its distinct path -- albeit it gradually arranged a modus vivendi with the Neo-Keynesian orthodoxy. Nonetheless, a "Continental" flavor maintained itself throughout, as we see in the work of later L.S.E. economists such as Harry G. Johnson, Michio Morishima, Frank H. Hahn, Helen Makower, Hla Myint, W. Arthur Lewis, Peter Bauer and Ronald H. Coase.

The Early (Fabian) Years

The Robbins Circle

Later L.S.E. Figures

Resources on the L.S.E.


ホーム 学者一覧 (ABC) 学派あれこれ 参考文献 原サイト (英語)
連絡先 学者一覧 (50音) トピック解説 リンク フレーム版

免責条項© 2002-2004 Gonçalo L. Fonseca, Leanne Ussher, 山形浩生 Valid XHTML 1.1